What is CSS specificity, and how is it calculated?

CSS specificity is a method used by browsers to prioritize styles when multiple rules apply to the same element. It calculates the importance of different selectors based on a hierarchical structure, consisting of four components: 1. Inline styles: The highest specificity, as they are applied directly to an element. 2. ID selectors: Have high specificity, more important than classes or element selectors. 3. Class selectors, attributes, and pseudo-classes: Moderate specificity, falling between element selectors and IDs. 4. Element selectors and pseudo-elements: Have the lowest specificity, used to style tags or elements in general.